Toxicogenomics

• Fukushima, Hara, Nakashima and Tan

ANAMMOX

• Oshiki, Song, Ali, Zhang, Mizuto, Jokai and T. Nakamura

Microbial Fuel Cells

• Ishizaki, Terada and Miyake

Biofilms

• Ikawa

Fecal pollution

• Kobayashi, Ozawa, Kitamura and Maeda

Gastroenteritis viruses

• Miura, Itoh, Yoshimura, Mohan, Ohta, Tomioka, A. Nakamura and Hayashi

Identification and quantification of microbial contaminants of fecal origin are major priority in the control of drinking and recreational water qualities. In this study, we proposed a new PCR-based approach using 16S rRNA gene markers of enteric anaerobes, Bacteroides-Prevotella spp. for discriminating human, cow, and pig fecal contamination in environmental waters without culturing indicator organisms. Human-, cow-, and pig-specific Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers were identified. We also investigated the relationships between level of host-specific Bacteroides markers and the presence of enteric bacterial pathogens. Additionally, the persistence of these genetic markers in non-host water environments was investigated.

16S rRNA-based molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time and multiplex PCR, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RPLP) techniques were used to identify and quantify the host-specific Bacteroides-Prevotella. Additionally, we developed a novel fluorescence-based live/dead staining technique combined with Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to study the persistence of genetic markers in natural water.

1. Simultaneous quantification of multiple food and waterborne pathogens by use of microfluidic quantitative PCR
   Ishii, S., Segawa, T., and Okabe, S.
   Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2013, 79(9), 2891-2898.
2. Chicken and duck-associated Bacteroides-Prevotella genetic markers for detecting fecal contamination in environmental water
   Kobayashi, A., Sano, D., Hatori, J., Ishii, S. and Okabe, S.
   Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, accepted.
3. Effects of temperature and predator to the persistence of host-specific Bacteroides-Prevotella genetic markers in water
   Kobayashi, A., Sano, D. and Okabe, S.
   Water Science and Technology, 2013, 67(4), 838-845.
4. Qualitative and quantitative estimation of host-specific fecal pollution using Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers by T-RFLP and real-time PCR analyses
   Savichtcheva, O. and Okabe, S.
   Water Science and Technology, 2009, 59(9), 1831-1840.
5. Persistence of host-specific Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers in environmental waters: Effects of temperature and salinity
   Okabe, S., and Shimazu, Y.
   Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2007, 76(4), 935-944.
6. Quantification of host-specific Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for assessment of fecal pollution in freshwater
   Okabe, S., Okayama, N., Savichtcheva, O., and Ito, T.
   Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2007, 73(4), 890-901.
7. Relationships between Bacteroides 16S rRNA genetic markers and presence of bacterial enteric pathogens and conventional fecal indicators
   Savichtcheva, O., Okayama, N., and Okabe, S.
   Water Research, 2007, 41(16), 3615-3628.

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