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Even a familiar spatial variation such as the temperature distribution exhibits peculiar phenomena in some of electron systems. For example, if the magnetic field is applied, "the temperature gradient appears perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the electric current". Although such thermoelectric effects were discovered in three-dimensional systems, they are recently studied in two-dimensional electron systems in perpendicular strong magnetic fields. Our goal is to clarify theoretically spatial distributions of the electric potential, the spin polarization, and the temperature within electron systems in terms of flows of the charge, the spin, and the heat.
Please see the following papers appearing in the following link :
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