In many cases, human excrements are directly discharged into river in urban slum, Indonesia. Thus improvement of sanitary condition is urgent issue. However, low-income person would not accept sanitation system which needs them to pay for human excrements treatment. Therefore a purpose of this study is to design sustainable sanitation system which can provide benefits to stakeholders.

In the current wastewater treatment, huge amount of energy is consumed mainly by aeration to degrade organic matter. Organic matter in domestic wastewater can be considered to be an energy source. However, recovery of organic matter from low concentrated domestic wastewater is neither easy nor economically feasible. Direct membrane filtration of domestic wastewater can address this problem but membrane fouling will be a major obstacle. Objective of this study is to characterize membrane fouling and develop methods to mitigate it.

Now, disposal diapers including urine, pulp and SAP are incinerated without reusing. Therefore, it is necessary to reuse these materials. In this study, my goal is to make the resources recovery methods from disposal diaper.

Although membrane filtration has become a common technology for drinking water treatment, membrane fouling remains a severe problem to be addressed. In many researches dealing with membrane fouling, natural organic matter (NOM) was pointed out to be the most important agent that was responsible for the phenomenon. Characteristics of NOM considerably vary depending on locations and seasons. At present, prediction of influence of feedwater quality on membrane fouling is still difficult. In this study, the relationship between the water quality assessed by advanced techniques such as liquid chromatography - organic carbon detector (LC-OCD) and the degree of membrane fouling wiil be investigated.

For developing countries utilizing compost made by composting toilet is effective from the viewpoint of nutrient cycle and improvement of living environment. However it is difficult in developing countries to use current composting toilet with electricity and this means difficulty to make compost safely. This study aims to investigate the quantitative relationship between compost and lime or cinder on inactivating pathogenic microorganism in high pH conditions.

Nanofiltration (NF) is the promising technology for advanced water treatment and wastewater reclamation. However, removal of organic micro-pollutants such as pharmaceuticals by NF has not been revealed in detail. In this study, rejection experiments are carried out with different NF membranes and various characteristics organic micro-pollutants and the relationship between the characteristics of the membranes and the physico-chemical properties of each compound is investigated.

When we reuse raw graywater from houses for irrigation, some detergents would flow in agricultural landscape with irrigation water. It has been reported that Linear-Alkylbenzen sulfonate (LAS), which is one kind of surfactant contained in laundry detergent, showed negative impact on plant growth and nitrifying bacteria in soil. In this study, we investigate the impact of LAS on symbiotic soil microorganism (rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungi) that are helpful for legume growth. And we aim to configure disposal standard of LAS concentration in reused graywater.

Microfiltration with coagulation as pretreatment is widely used for water treatment, although membrane fouling remains a serious problem.
Details of the phenomena are mostly unknown.
Lately importance of nanoparticles with the size of 10 nm~100 nm and biopolymers such as polysaccharides in the evolution of membrane fouling has been revealed.

It’s required to handle properly the feces of livestock discharged in large amounts in dairy farming from the viewpoint of environmental protection and resource recycling. In group feeding, the use of medicine to livestock for the spread of infectious disease prevention and production efficiency has become mandatory in particular, consequently the portion of medicine is excreted in feces. In this study, we examined whether medicine contained in livestock feces can be decomposed under any what of composting condition.

NF/RO membranes can produce water of high quality. However, membrane fouling prevents widespread use of NF/RO membranes. It was shown that characteristics of silica changed with operation time in previous experiments with domestic wastewater, implying that silica played an important role in membrane fouling in wastewater reclamation. Objectives of this study are to characterize silica in the permeate of NF/RO membranes and to investigate the influence of silica in wastewater on membrane fouling.

When human urine is reused for agriculture in arid area, sodium from the urine would be accumulated in surface zone of the field. This accumulation leads permeability degradation in soil and plant growth inhibition. In this study, assumed as sodium leaching with rainwater and sodium phyto-remediation with salt tolerant plants, the efficiency affected by applying compost from our composting toilet and ash readily available even in the rural areas is evaluated in order to establish appropriate salt management technology.

Since livestock urine contain a lot of nitrogen and phosphorus, it is used for fertilizer. But, the medicine used for livestock exist in the urine. When making a fertilizer from livestock urine containing the medicine, it is not explained what kind of action is happen. In my research, when the fertilizer ureaform is generated from livestock urine, I will investigate the fate of the medicine and the optimal reaction conditions.

In the operation of an air-lift MBR, high shear stress induced can effectively control membrane fouling. It was suggested that constituents responsible for membrane fouling also changed with changes of the shear stress. In this study, changes of foulant characteristics induced by different shear stresses are investigated by using a bench-scale air-lift filtration unit.